The coinage of Alexander the Great, particularly the silver drachma, often depicted him with a lion scalp, symbolising his strength and heroic conquests. These coins were crucial in spreading his image and influence across his vast empire.
Alexander, succeeding his father King Philip II at just 20, led Macedon to unprecedented victories, conquering Persia, Egypt, the Middle East, and parts of Afghanistan and India. Beyond expanding his domain, he aimed to unify his empire's diverse cultures, fostering the Hellenistic Age, a period marked by significant achievements in art, literature, science, and numismatics.
His coins depicted him as Heracles (Hercules to the Romans), wearing a lion scalp, symbolising the hero's slaying of the Nemean Lion, the first of the 12 Labours. The reverse featured Zeus, the supreme Greek god, seated on a decorated throne, holding a sceptre and an eagle, symbolising divine strength and authority. The inscription “ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ” (Of King Alexander) reinforced Alexander's divine association and legitimised his rule. These coins not only facilitated economic unity but also served as powerful propaganda, promoting his image throughout the ancient world.
The coins of Alexander the Great are tangible pieces of history, offering a glimpse into his life, power, and legacy. They serve as a portal to the early days of civilisation, showing how the past informs the present and future.