Hadrian was emperor of Rome and is recognised as the third of the Five Good Emperors (Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius) who ruled justly. His profile bust is crowned by a finely detailed laurel wreath.
His reign marked the height of the Roman Empire, usually given as c. 117 A.D., and provided a firm foundation for his successor. Hadrian is best known for his literary pursuits, extensive building projects throughout the Roman Empire, and, notably, Hadrian’s Wall in northern Britain. Deeply interested in literature, particularly Greek literature, and Egyptian mysticism and magic, Hadrian was among the most cultured of the Roman emperors. He wrote his own poetry and other works, and personally supervised many of the building projects he commissioned.
Flipping the coin displays Pietas standing beside an altar, hands raised in prayer. Pietas was one of the chief virtues among ancient Romans, translating as “duty”, “religiosity” or “loyalty”. Pietas, as a virtue, resided within an individual, unlike gifts such as Victoria, which were bestowed by the gods. A Roman possessing Pietas did not confine their religious duties to the temple; they carried them everywhere, adhering to the will of the gods in their business transactions, public conduct and daily life. The sacred nature of pietas is personified here as a goddess. The inscription surrounding the figure reads “PIETAS AVG,” meaning “Piety of the Emperor,” a clear affirmation of the Emperor’s esteemed virtue.